Silice cristalline, cristobalite

Numéro CAS : 14464-46-1

Identification

Description


Formule moléculaire brute : O2Si

Principaux synonymes

Noms français :

  • ALPHA-CRISTOBALITE
  • ALPHA-CRYSTOBALITE
  • BETA-CRISTOBALITE
  • BETA-CRYSTOBALITE
  • Cristobalite
  • CRISTOBALITE (SILICE CRISTALLINE)
  • CRYSTOBALITE
  • Dioxyde de silicium, cristobalite
  • HIGH CRISTOBALITE
  • LOW CRISTOBALITE
  • SILICA, CRYSTALLINE - CRISTOBALITE
  • Silice cristalline, cristobalite

Noms anglais :

  • Cristobalite
  • Silica - Crystalline, Cristobalite
  • Silica, crystalline - alpha-quartz and cristobalite [14464-46-1]
  • SILICA-CRYSTALLINE, CRISTOBALITE
  • Silicon dioxide, cristobalite
Utilisation et sources d'émission 1 2 3

La cristobalite est une des formes de silice cristalline. Elle est employée comme matière première ou est présente avec d'autres formes de silice cristalline lors de la fabrication :

  • de verres
  • d'agents réfractaires
  • d'agents abrasifs
  • de céramiques
  • d'émaux.

Elle est aussi utilisée :

  • pour la décoloration et la purification d'huiles
  • comme produit d'abrasion et de meulage.

Sources d'émissions

Outre la présence de cristobalite lors de son utilisation comme matière première, on compte quelques sources d'exposition en milieu de travail. Les principaux secteurs d'activité exposant les travailleurs à l'inhalation de poussières de silice cristalline sous forme de cristobalite sont :

  • travaux dans les mines et carrières : forage, extraction, concassage, broyage, tamisage de minerais ou roches renfermant de la silice libre
  • travaux de construction : taille, polissage, ponçage et sciage à sec de matériaux renfermant de la silice cristalline
  • sablage : décapage au jet de sable
  • travaux de construction, d'entretien, de démolition de fours et de cheminées industriels
  • travaux du secteur de la construction sur des ouvrages en béton ou en maçonnerie (brique ou mortier)
  • travaux de démolition à l’aide d’un marteau-piqueur, cassage, concassage, perçage, sciage, ponçage ou meulage, déblayage ou balayage
  • travaux durant les activités industrielles où les décapeurs au jet de sable sont le plus exposés : ceux des secteurs automobiles, de l'industrie navale et du secteur de la charpente métallique
  • travaux impliquant de la terre de diatomée calcinée dans laquelle la silice cristalline sous forme de cristobalite peut être présente jusqu'à 65 %.

Références

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