Identification

Description


Numéro UN : UN1593

Formule moléculaire brute : CH2Cl2

Principaux synonymes

Noms français :

  • Chlorure de méthylène
  • Dichlorométhane
  • Methylene bichloride
  • Methylene dichloride

Noms anglais :

  • Dichloromethane
  • Methylene chloride
Famille chimique
  • Hydrocarbure aliphatique halogéné
Commentaires 1

Le chlorure de méthylène de qualité commerciale contient généralement un stabilisant pour le protéger des effets de l'air et de l'humidité. Les stabilisants les plus courants et leurs concentrations sont : l'éthanol, (0,1 à 0,2 %), le méthanol (0,1 à 0,2 %), le cyclohexane (0,01 à 0,03 %) et l'amylène (0,001 à 0,01 %). D'autres stabilisants peuvent aussi être utilisés, dont des composés phénoliques, des amines, des nitroalcanes, des éthers aliphatiques ou cycliques.

Dans les domaines alimentaire et pharmaceutique, le chlorure de méthylène utilisé comme solvant d'extraction, est de qualité technique, pur à plus de 99,99 %.

Utilisation et sources d'émission 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Le chlorure de méthylène est utilisé comme :

  • décapant à peinture et vernis
  • décapant pour résines photorésistantes
  • solvant de dégraissage
  • composant d'aérosols et de colles
  • agent d'expansion de mousses polyuréthanes  
  • solvant de procédé pour les films et fibres cellulosiques
  • agent d'extraction dans les industries alimentaires et pharmaceutiques
  • intermédiaire de synthèse dans la fabrication d'hydrofluorocarbones.

Jusqu'à récemment, le chlorure de méthylène était le solvant le plus utilisé comme décapant à peinture et vernis. Cette utilisation tend à être remplacée par des procédés à chaud sans solvant ou d'autres procédés chimiques à cause de ses effets nocifs sur la santé et l'environnement.

Il est utilisé comme solvant d'extraction pour la production de café décaféiné mais ce procédé tend à être remplacé par d'autres.

Son usage dans les cosmétiques en aérosol est interdit au Canada.

Références

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Autres sources d'information

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  • Barrowcliff, D.F. et Knell, A.J., «Cerebral damage due to endogenous chronic carbon monoxide poisoning caused by exposure to methylene chloride.» Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine. Vol. 29, no. 1, p. 12-14. (1979). [AP-024239]
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