WHMIS (Nickel chloride hexahydrate)

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

WHMIS 2015 classification - Note to reader

• Acute toxicity - oral - Category 41

• Respiratory sensitization - Category 12 3 4

• Skin sensitization - Category 15 6 7 8 9 10 11

• Carcinogenicity - Category 1A12

• Reproductive toxicity - Category 1B13 14 15
• Toxic to the development (Category 1B)
• Toxic to the reproductive function (Category 2)

• Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure - Category 116 17 18

Danger

Harmful if swallowed (H302)
May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled (H334)
May cause allergic skin reaction (H317)
May cause cancer (H350)
May damage fertility or the unborn child (H360)
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (H372)

Ingredient disclosure

References

• ▲1.  Henderson, R.G. et al., «Acute oral toxicity of nickel compounds.» Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. Vol. 62, p. 425-432. (2012).
• ▲2.  Bright, P. et al., «Occupational asthma due to chrome and nickel electroplating .» Thorax. Vol. 52, p. 28-32. (1997). [AP-051661]
• ▲3.  Bernstein, I.L. et al., Asthma in the workplace : and related conditions. 3 éd. New York : Taylor & Francis. (2006).   www.taylorandfrancis.com
• ▲4.  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Nickel and its compounds (in the form of inhalable dusts/aerosols). The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety, Vol. 22. Allemagne : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (2006).   http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/3527600418
  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb744002vere0022/abstract
• ▲5.  Descotes, J., «Identification of contact allergens : the mouse ear sensitization assay.» Journal of Toxicology : Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 263-272. (1988). [AP-024582]
• ▲6.  Gerberick, G.F. et al., «Examination of the local lymph node assay for use in contact sensitization risk assessment.» Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. Vol. 19, p. 438-445. (1992).
• ▲7.  Wall, L.M. et Calnan, C.D., «Occupational nickel dermatitis in the electroforming industry.» Contact Dermatitis. Vol. 6, p. 414-420. (1980).
• ▲8.  Christensen, O.B. et Wall, L.M., «Open, closed and intradermal testing in nickel allergy.» Contact Dermatitis. Vol. 16, p. 21-26. (1987). [AP-037327]
• ▲9.  Fullerton, A., Menné, T. et Hoelgaard, A., «Patch testing with nickel chloride in a hydrogel.» Contact Dermatitis. Vol. 20, p. 17-20. (1989). [AP-037267]
• ▲10.  Murine local lymph node assay: a test method for assessing the allergenic contact dermatitis potential of chemical compounds. (1999). Microfiche : PB2001-104492, NIH-PUB-99-4494
• ▲11.  Basketter, D.A. et al., «The local lymph node assay : a viable alternative to currently accepted skin sensitization tests.» Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 34, p. 985-997. (1996). [AP-050952]
• ▲12.  IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, A Review of Human Carcinogens: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol. 100C. Lyon : International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2012).   http://monographs.iarc.fr/
  http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C.pdf
  
• ▲13.  Smith, M.K. et al., «Perinatal toxicity associated with nickel chloride exposure.» Environmental Research. Vol. 61(2), p. 200-211. (1993).
• ▲14.  Käkelä, R., Käkelä, A. et Hyvärinen, H., «Effects of nickel chloride on reproduction of the rat and possible antagonistic role of selenium.» Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology and endocrinology. Vol. 123(1), p. 27-37. (1999).
• ▲15.  Health council of the Netherlands: Committee for compounds toxic to reproduction, «Nickel and its compounds. Evaluation of the effects on reproduction, recommendation for classification.» In: The Hague: Health Concil of the Netherlands. Vol. 05, p. 77. (2003).   http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/en https://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/en/task-and-procedure/areas-of-activity/healthy-working-conditions/nickel-and-its-compounds
• ▲16.  Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B. et Powell, C.H., Patty's toxicology. A Wiley-Interscience publication. New York (Toronto) : John Wiley. (2001-). [RM-214008]   Patty's Toxicology | Major Reference Works
• ▲17.  Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological profile for nickel. ATSDR. Washington D.C. : US Department of Health and Human Services. (2005).   http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp
  https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp15.pdf
• ▲18.  Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Human Health Risk Assessments Reports : Nickel and nickel compounds. EU-risk assessment programme and reports. (2008).   http://eng.mst.dk/mwg-internal/de5fs23hu73ds/progress?id=jGLsehsrCJsCIf42Hn2814dDpw93UtBe30VFKpnV8G0

The [number] refers to the Information SST database of the CNESST Documentation Center.